
LA NEURODIDÁCTICA EN EL ESTUDIO DE LA QUÍMICA EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE BACHILLERATO DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA
INTERCULTURAL BILINGÜE “NACIÓN PURUHÁ”, 2024-2025
REVISTA POLITECNICA DE LA CIENCIA
publicaciones@politecnicadelaciencia.com
+593
98 320 4362
respaldo social y familiar, la capacidad funcional, la presencia de síntomas depresivos, el
grado de autonomía, la percepción del cuidado recibido y las características del entorno
institucional. Estos factores no operan por separado; en cambio, se entrelazan de tal forma
que la salud social, física, emocional y ambiental de cada residente acaba configurando su
bienestar cotidiano.
En conclusión, la calidad de vida en adultos mayores institucionalizados se construye desde la
interacción de múltiples factores interrelacionados. La existencia de vínculos afectivos sólidos,
un entorno físico accesible y un diseño institucional centrado en la persona no solo reducen la
soledad y el deterioro emocional, sino que también fomentan la autonomía, la salud mental y
la percepción de bienestar. Estos elementos, lejos de ser aislados, conforman una red
biopsicosocial que incide decisivamente en la dignidad y satisfacción vital durante la vejez.
Palabras clave: Calidad de vida, anciano, instituciones geriátricas, apoyo social, cuidado de
larga duración
ABSTRACT: The quality of life of older people residing in geriatric institutions is now
considered a fundamental criterion for assessing their well-being in the later stages of the life
cycle. Rapid aging, observed in many areas of Latin America and Asia, has led researchers to
examine more closely the factors that influence quality of life in these contexts. The central
problem addressed by this paper is the lack of consensus on what factors actually determine
the quality of life of older adults residing in institutional homes. Previous literature presents
often contradictory results, due, among other reasons, to the use of different methodological
approaches, varied measurement tools, and elderly populations that differ in health, origin,
and context. This divergence of criteria and data hinders both the accurate formulation and
implementation of effective interventions within institutional geriatric care. The objective is
to identify and analyze the main biopsychosocial factors associated with QOL in older adults
in institutionalized care settings between 2020 and 2025. The methodology of this review was
carried out through a systematic search of observational, qualitative and mixed design studies
that explored the factors associated with the quality of life of older people living in
institutions. The PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and LILACS databases were consulted up to March
2025, identifying a total of 18 papers with about 3,120 participants from Latin America, Asia
and Europe. The most frequently used instruments were the WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-OLD
and SF-36 scales. Due to the diversity of methods, we did not perform a meta-analysis and
chose to present a narrative synthesis. The findings included 18 studies with a total of
approximately 3,120 participants from Latin America, Asia and Europe. Among the strongest
determinants of quality of life identified were social and family support, functional capacity,
presence of depressive symptoms, degree of autonomy, perception of care received, and
characteristics of the institutional environment. These factors do not operate separately;
instead, they are intertwined in such a way that the social, physical, emotional and
environmental health of each resident ultimately shapes his or her daily well-being. In
conclusion, quality of life in institutionalized older adults is built from the interaction of
multiple interrelated factors. The existence of solid emotional ties, an accessible physical