ISSN: 3091-2008
Edición Bianual:
Vol. 4 Num. 9, PP 56-71
DOI:
Palabras clave: Conducta delictiva, neurociencia forense, neurocriminología, perfilación
criminal, psicopatía
ABSTRACT: Criminal behavior is a multifactorial phenomenon whose understanding requires
integrating the biological, psychological, and social factors involved in its origin and
manifestation. In this context, neurocriminology has gained increasing relevance by providing
evidence on the influence of neurochemical dysregulations and certain psychopathological
traits on the emergence of antisocial and violent behaviors. This research aimed to critically
examine the available scientific literature on the relationship between neurochemical
dysregulations, psychopathological traits, and criminal behavior, identifying their
contributions to the development of multidisciplinary criminal profiling models. To this end, a
qualitative literature review was conducted through an integrative narrative review of the
scientific literature covering the period from 2015 to 2025, using the databases PubMed,
Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and SciELO. After applying the inclusion and
exclusion criteria, 35 scientific publications were selected to form the documentary corpus of
this narrative review. The documentary analysis incorporated original articles, systematic
reviews, meta-analyses, narrative reviews, and methodological documents, allowing for the
integration of evidence from neuroscience, clinical psychology, psychiatry, criminology, and
the sciences. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 scientific publications were
selected to form the literature corpus for this narrative review. The literature analysis included
original articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, narrative reviews, and methodological
documents, allowing for the integration of evidence from neuroscience, clinical psychology,
psychiatry, criminology, and forensic science.
Keywords: Criminal behavior, forensic neuroscience, neurocriminology, criminal profiling,
psychopathy
INTRODUCCIÓN
El comportamiento criminal representa uno de los fenómenos más complejos estudiados por las
ciencias sociales, jurídicas, psicológicas y biomédicas, debido a que su origen y manifestación
responden a la interacción dinámica entre factores biológicos, psicológicos, ambientales y
socioculturales. Durante gran parte del siglo XX, las principales teorías criminológicas
privilegiaron explicaciones fundamentadas en variables sociales, económicas y familiares,
atribuyendo la conducta criminal a procesos de exclusión, desigualdad, pobreza o aprendizaje
social. No obstante, el avance de la neurociencia, la influencia genética sobre el comportamiento,
la neuropsicología y la psicología clínica ha demostrado que estas aproximaciones, aunque
relevantes, resultan insuficientes para explicar la complejidad del comportamiento delictivo. En
la actualidad existe un amplio consenso respecto a que la conducta delictiva emerge de la
REVISTA POLITECNICA DE LA CIENCIA
57
+593 98 320 4362