EJERCICIO AERÓBICOS EN PACIENTES CON FIBROMIALGIA: ANÁLISIS DE EFECTIVIDAD Y BENEFICIOS TERAPÉUTICOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56519/xt9q7q91Palabras clave:
Fibromialgia, ejercicio aeróbico, calidad de vida, reducción del dolor, funcionalidad física, Fibromyalgia, aerobic exercise, quality of life, pain reduction, physical functionalityResumen
La fibromialgia es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por dolor crónico, fatiga constante y alteraciones del sueño. Esta enfermedad afecta a los pacientes a nivel biopsicosocial disminuyendo su calidad de vida drásticamente. El propósito de este estudio fue examinar los efectos que tienen los ejercicios aeróbicos en pacientes con fibromialgia y su influencia en la disminución de la sintomatología, mejorando la capacidad física funcional y su calidad de vida. La metodología usada fue analítica documental, haciendo uso de base de datos como Pubmed, Elsevier, ResearchGate y SciELO. Se escogieron un total de 30 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados comprendidos entre 2019 y 2025, que fueron validados con la escala de PEDRo para mantener una elevada calidad metodológica del artículo. Los criterios de exclusión e inclusión garantizaron que los estudios reflejen de forme precisa los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico en pacientes con fibromialgia. Dentro de la línea de tratamiento no farmacológico el ejercicio ha mostrado resultados positivos cuando se ha dosificado y estructurado con intensidades bajas a moderadas, evidenciándose una disminución y control del dolor, fatiga, inflamación, mejorando la funcionalidad del paciente, su esfera emocional y por lo tanto la calidad de vida. De manera similar intervenciones multimodales donde se combina ejercicio con otro tipo de terapias de forma complementarias como: fototerapia o balneoterapia demostraron un incremento de los efectos terapéuticos en cuanto a síntomas con una funcionalidad física superior. En conclusión, el ejercicio aeróbico solo o combinado con otros tipos de terapia mostraron ser una opción segura y efectiva de tratamiento integral si la intervención se realiza de forma individualizada tomando en cuenta todos los aspectos biopsicosociales del paciente.
ABSTRACT:
Fibromyalgia is a disease characterized by chronic pain, constant fatigue and sleep disturbances. This disease affects patients at a biopsychosocial level, reducing their distributed quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic exercises in patients with fibromyalgia and its influence on reducing symptoms, improving functional physical capacity and quality of life. The methodology used was documentary analysis, using databases such as Pubmed, Elsevier, ResearchGate and SciELO. A total of 30 randomized clinical trials were chosen between 2019 and 2025, which were validated with the PEDRo scale to maintain a high methodological quality of the article. The exclusion and inclusion criteria ensured that the studies accurately reflect the effects of aerobic exercise in patients with fibromyalgia. Within the non-pharmacological treatment line, exercise has shown positive results when it has been dosed and structured with low to moderate intensities, showing a decrease and control of pain, fatigue, inflammation, improving the patient's functionality, their emotional sphere and therefore quality of life. Similarly, multimodal interventions where exercise is combined with other types of complementary therapies such as phototherapy or balneotherapy demonstrated an increase in therapeutic effects in terms of symptoms with superior physical functionality. In conclusion, aerobic exercise alone or combined with other types of therapy was shown to be a safe and effective comprehensive treatment option if the intervention is carried out individually, taking into account all the biopsychosocial aspects of the patient.
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