FISIOTERAPIA RESPIRATORIA EN EL TRATAMIENTO Y CONTROL DE SÍNTOMAS EN PACIENTES PEDIATRICOS CON ASMA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56519/jga7dq44Palabras clave:
asma pediátrica, fisioterapia respiratoria, técnica Buteyko, calidad de vida, pediatric asthma,, respiratory physiotherapy, Buteyko technique, quality of lifeResumen
El asma es una enfermedad crónica con una alta prevalencia en la edad pediátrica que afecta significativamente la calidad de vida de los niños. La rehabilitación respiratoria representa una alternativa terapéutica no invasiva que, sumada al tratamiento farmacológico convencional, puede mejorar el control de los síntomas. y de esta manera se obtiene los beneficios de los ejercicios y técnicas fisioterapéuticas como tratamiento orientado al manejo y control de los síntomas en pacientes pediátricos con asma controlada. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de artículos científicos publicados entre 2019-2025 en diferentes bases de datos. Se analizaron 20 estudios que alcanzaron un nivel aceptable de calidad metodológica de acuerdo con la escala PEDro (≥6/10). Los resultados mostraron que la rehabilitación respiratoria presentó efectos favorables sobre diversas variables clínicas, entre ellas la función pulmonar, el control de los síntomas, la calidad de vida, la capacidad funcional y la broncoconstricción. Las intervenciones que incluyeron programas de ejercicio físico, entrenamiento aeróbico, la técnica de respiración Buteyko, la reeducación respiratoria diafragmática, el fortalecimiento de la musculatura respiratoria y la educación dirigida a pacientes y cuidadores evidenciaron mejoras estadísticamente relevantes. Conclusiones: La fisioterapia respiratoria es efectiva como tratamiento complementario para el control de síntomas del asma en el paciente pediátrico, reduciendo exacerbaciones y aumentando la calidad de vida.
ABSTRACT:
Asthma is a chronic disease with a high prevalence in the pediatric population, significantly affecting children’s quality of life. Respiratory rehabilitation constitutes a non-invasive therapeutic alternative which, when combined with conventional pharmacological treatment, may improve symptom control. In this context, the benefits derived from therapeutic exercises and physiotherapeutic techniques contribute to a treatment approach focused on the management and control of symptoms in pediatric atients with controlled asthma. A systematic literature review was conducted including scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 across various databases. A total of 20 studies met the methodological quality criteria according to the PEDro scale (≥ 6/10). The findings demonstrated high efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation in key outcomes such as pulmonary function, symptom control, quality of life, physical capacity, and reduction of bronchoconstriction Improvement in quality of life.
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