IMPACTO DE LA EXPOSICIÓN SOLAR CONTROLADA Y LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA REGULAR SOBRE LA DENSIDAD MINERAL ÓSEA EN ADULTOS MAYORES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56519/45rjmb48Palabras clave:
salud ósea, adulto mayor, actividad física, nivel sérico, vitamina DResumen
La reducción de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) representa un desafío para salud de las personas adultas mayores debido a su asociación con la osteoporosis. Este estudio evaluó el impacto de una intervención controlada y no invasiva de exposición solar y actividad física sobre los niveles séricos de vitamina D y DMO en adultos mayores de una comunidad rural en Riobamba. Bajo un estudio cuasi-experimental de tipo pre-post test sin grupo control, la intervención duró 12 semanas incluyendo una exposición controlada al sol (20, 25 y 30 minutos diarios) con actividad física semanal. Se trabajó con 66 adultos mayores midiendo los niveles de 25(OH)D y DMO en cuatro regiones; columna lumbar, cadera total, cuello femoral y antebrazo distal. Estás áreas se determinaron por técnicas de inmunoensayo y absorción de rayos X. Los resultados evidenciaron un incremento del 22,9% en la vitamina D, y una disminución en la insipiencia vitamínica que pasó del 42,5% al 15,2%. Hubo aumentos constantes y moderados en la DMO particularmente en el cuello femoral y columna lumbar. Aunque la actividad semanal mostró una ligera tendencia negativa con relación a los cambios en la DMO, los mayores avances se registraron en aquellos participantes que realizaron entre 110 a 170 minutos de actividad física por semana. Se concluye que la integración de exposición solar controlada con la actividad física permite mejoras a nivel de salud ósea y vitamínica en el adulto mayor, instando a aplicar estas estrategias en entornos comunitarios y no comunitarios.
ABSTRACT:
The reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) represents a challenge for the health of older adults due to its association with osteoporosis. This study evaluated the impact of a controlled, non-invasive intervention involving sun exposure and physical activity on serum vitamin D levels and BMD in older adults in a rural community in Riobamba. In a quasi-experimental pre-posttest study without a control group, the intervention lasted 12 weeks and included controlled sun exposure (20, 25, and 30 minutes daily) with weekly physical activity. Sixty-six older adults were studied, measuring 25(OH)D and BMD levels in four regions: lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and distal forearm. These areas were determined by immunoassay and X-ray absorption techniques. The results showed a 22.9% increase in vitamin D and a decrease in vitamin deficiency from 42.5% to 15.2%. There were steady and moderate increases in BMD, particularly in the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Although weekly activity showed a slight negative trend in relation to changes in BMD, the greatest advances were recorded in those participants who performed between 110 and 170 minutes of physical activity per week. It is concluded that the integration of controlled sun exposure with physical activity leads to improvements in bone health and vitamin levels in older adults, urging the application of these strategies in community and non-community settings.
Referencias
Aquí tienes el bloque de referencias sobre osteoporosis y vitamina D procesado en estilo Vancouver, optimizado para su inserción en OJS.
He consolidado las entradas duplicadas (como las de Giustina et al. y Xiaoya et al.), verificado las abreviaturas de las revistas según la NLM Catalog y estructurado los metadatos para asegurar una indexación correcta.
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