FRACTURAS DE CADERA EN ADULTOS MAYORES: ACTUALIZACIÓN EN EL TRATAMIENTO, REHABILITACIÓN Y RECUPERACIÓN FUNCIONAL BASADA EN EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56519/e8mceg13Palabras clave:
Fractura de cadera, adulto mayor, rehabilitación, recuperación funcional, osteoporosis, atención ortogeriátricaResumen
Las fracturas de cadera representan una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad, discapacidad y pérdida de la independencia funcional en los adultos mayores, constituyendo un importante problema de salud pública asociado al envejecimiento poblacional y a la osteoporosis. No obstante, aún existen diferencias en la implementación de estrategias terapéuticas y de rehabilitación basadas en evidencia, lo que limita la recuperación funcional y aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones y nuevas fracturas. El objetivo de este estudio fue actualizar la evidencia científica sobre el tratamiento, la rehabilitación y la recuperación funcional en adultos mayores con fracturas de cadera. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva y analítica, siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA 2020, mediante la búsqueda de estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect y Cochrane Library. Los resultados evidenciaron que la cirugía realizada dentro de las primeras 24–48 horas, la atención ortogeriátrica, la rehabilitación temprana, el tratamiento farmacológico de la osteoporosis y los programas de prevención de caídas constituyen las intervenciones con mayor respaldo científico para reducir la mortalidad, las complicaciones y favorecer la recuperación funcional. Se concluye que un abordaje integral e interdisciplinario mejora significativamente la funcionalidad, la calidad de vida y la prevención de nuevas fracturas, constituyéndose en el estándar actual para el manejo de esta patología en adultos mayores.
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